{"id":62472,"date":"2024-01-05T07:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/?p=62472"},"modified":"2025-02-25T14:56:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T13:56:10","slug":"mosca-soldato-nero-e-valorizzazione-dei-sottoprodotti-alimentari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/2024\/01\/05\/mosca-soldato-nero-e-valorizzazione-dei-sottoprodotti-alimentari\/","title":{"rendered":"Mosca soldato nero: il ruolo degli insetti nella valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti alimentari"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"62472\" class=\"elementor elementor-62472\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3639d6e5 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3639d6e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-254bf85d\" data-id=\"254bf85d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-680b832 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"680b832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-angle-right&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;},&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Non sono state trovate intestazioni in questa pagina.&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIndice\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__680b832\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Apri l&#039;indice dei contenuti\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__680b832\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Chiudi l&#039;indice dei contenuti\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__680b832\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70cdaa6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70cdaa6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Una societ\u00e0 in crescita: il problema degli scarti e dei rifiuti<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6356023 elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6356023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La popolazione mondiale attuale ammonta a<strong> 7,6 miliardi<\/strong>, raggiunger\u00e0 quota <strong>8,6 miliardi<\/strong> nel 2030 e<strong> 9,8 miliardi<\/strong> nel 2050 [1]. Questo trend si tradurr\u00e0 in un <strong>incremento nella produzione di rifiuti<\/strong>, previsti passare dai 2 miliardi di tonnellate del 2016 a 3,4 miliardi di tonnellate nel 2050 [2]. Considerando pi\u00f9 nel dettaglio il panorama agri-food, secondo il rapporto FAO ogni anno un terzo del cibo prodotto a livello mondiale e destinato al consumo umano viene perso (<em>Food Loss<\/em>) o scartato (<em>Food Waste<\/em>) [3].<\/p><p>Per<strong> <em>Food Loss<\/em><\/strong> si intende la diminuzione in termini di massa o valore nutrizionale di cibo originariamente destinato al consumo umano, a causa di inefficienze lungo la catena distributiva, insufficienti conoscenze da parte degli attori della filiera alimentare e distanza geografica. Per <strong><em>Food Waste<\/em><\/strong> si intendono gli alimenti adeguati al consumo umano, scartati in quanto scaduti o deteriorati. In questo secondo caso i motivi sono imputabili a comportamenti inappropriati da parte dei rivenditori o abitudini scorrette dei consumatori finali. Unendo le due definizioni, si parla genericamente di <strong><em>Food Wastage<\/em><\/strong> [3].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf43215 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf43215\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\">L&#8217;importanza dell&#8217;economia circolare per ridurre il Food Wastage<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da02505 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da02505\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La <strong>produzione agricola<\/strong> \u00e8 responsabile per il 33% del volume totale di <em>Food Wastage<\/em> ed in particolare le fasi di <strong>lavorazione, distribuzione e consumo finale<\/strong> dei prodotti sono le pi\u00f9 impattanti. I dati sono allarmanti, riutilizzare l\u2019intrinseco valore di questi scarti organici si presenta come una grande opportunit\u00e0 e necessit\u00e0 per gli anni a venire. Ad oggi il trattamento biologico dei rifiuti organici porta alla produzione di <strong>biogas<\/strong> e <strong>biometano<\/strong>, tuttavia non tutte le regioni italiane dispongono di impianti quantitativamente adeguati.<\/p><p>In ottica futura, l\u2019Agenzia Europea per l\u2019Ambiente (EEA) ha posto alcuni <strong>obiettivi fondamentali da raggiungere entro il 2050<\/strong>: utilizzo efficiente delle risorse, economia a bassa produzione di anidride carbonica e adeguato sviluppo sociale. A livello mondiale \u00e8 necessaria una transizione verso l\u2019ottica di <strong>economia circolare<\/strong>, nella quale cui si riutilizzano e valorizzano i materiali di scarto, per inserirli nuovamente nella supply chain. Ci\u00f2 si presenta come una occasione di <strong>crescita economica e riduzione degli sprechi<\/strong> [4], l\u2019economia circolare infatti riporta l\u2019attenzione sul prodotto, sui suoi componenti e soprattutto sulla loro rimessa in vigore [5\u20137].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ccf27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"54ccf27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" comunicazione=\"\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-1-7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62486\" alt=\"Sottoprodotti agro-alimentari vegetali\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-1-7.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-1-7-300x188.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-1-7-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-1-7-750x469.webp 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1 \u2013 Sottoprodotti agro-alimentari vegetali.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a768a22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a768a22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Strategia innovativa di valorizzazione delle biomasse: il ruolo degli insetti<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-559f98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"559f98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ad oggi una soluzione innovativa e vincente di valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti vede coinvolti gli insetti ed in particolare la specie \u201c<strong><em>Black soldier fly,<\/em> mosca soldato nero<\/strong>\u201d <strong>(BSF)<\/strong>. E\u0300 un insetto non parassita e patogeno per piante, animali e uomo, in quanto non danneggia colture vegetali e non rappresenta vettore di zoonosi [8]. La larva nera di mosca soldato e\u0300 in grado di <strong>alimentarsi con voracit\u00e0, sfruttando materia in decomposizione<\/strong> e riducendone il contenuto di sostanza secca fino al 40% [9, 10]. La letteratura scientifica ha dimostrato l\u2019abilita\u0300 di BSF nel consumare ogni giorno, fino al doppio del suo peso corporeo in biomassa, riducendo il volume di materia organica fino al 42-75% [11\u201313].<\/p><p>Durante la <strong>fase larvale<\/strong> BSF \u00e8 un insetto polifago, in grado di nutrirsi su un&#8217;ampia gamma di substrati come <strong>scarti di cucina<\/strong> [12], [14], <strong>letame<\/strong> [15], [16] e <strong>sottoprodotti vegetali<\/strong> in generale [17]\u2013[20]. Al contrario, allo stadio di adulto questo insetto \u00e8 privo di apparato boccale e perci\u00f2 non in grado di cibarsi, sfrutta la risorse lipidiche accumulate durante la fase larvale per riprodursi [21].<\/p><p>La composizione standard della larva nera si aggira intorno al 31,7- 47,6% di proteine e l\u201911,8 &#8211; 34,3% di grassi [10], [13], [22], tuttavia \u00e8 fortemente influenzate dal substrato di crescita, confermando precise necessita\u0300 nutrizionali da perseguire per poter ottenere i migliori risultati di crescita [19]. I nutrienti di maggiore interesse per una crescita efficiente di BSF sono <strong>proteine, carboidrati non fibrosi e lipidi<\/strong> [23]\u2013[25]. In particolare, <strong>miscelare pi\u00f9 materiali quali substrati di allevamento<\/strong> e\u0300 la strategia consigliata, in quando offre una dieta bilanciata in termini di rapporto Carbonio\/Azoto [26], [27].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89263df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89263df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\">La mosca soldato nero per la trasformazione sostenibile dei residui organici<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287b11d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"287b11d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019utilizzo di BSF rientra tra le <strong>tecnologie<\/strong> <strong>CORS<\/strong> (Conversion of Organic Refuse by Saprophages) per il <strong>trattamento di residui organici<\/strong>. E\u2019 una strategia nuova e flessibile, grazie all\u2019innata capacita\u0300 di questa specie di ridurre materiale organico, accumulare nutrienti e creare valore aggiunto [11], [28], [29].<\/p><p>\u00c8 una tecnologia caratterizzata da <strong>bassi costi di mantenimento<\/strong>, <strong>ridotto impatto ambientale<\/strong> e <strong>necessit\u00e0 di spazio<\/strong>. Detiene la potenzialit\u00e0 di trasformare il mondo agricolo in una chiave pi\u00f9 sostenibile, canalizzando prodotti di scarto nella generazione di un nuovo prodotto [30]. Il suo utilizzo si presenta vincente in quanto la larva adulta presenta una composizione ricca in proteine e grassi [8], valide fonti alimentari per il nutrimento degli animali [22], [31].<\/p><p>Per fornire un quadro pi\u00f9 completo, secondo la definizione di \u201canimale d\u2019allevamento\u201d presentata dal regolamento CE n. 1069\/2009, gli insetti allevati per divenire <strong><em>feed<\/em> <\/strong>sono considerati animali d\u2019allevamento a tutti gli effetti. Sono quindi soggetti a norme in materia di alimentazione [32, 33] secondo le quali e\u0300 vietato l&#8217;uso di proteine derivate da ruminanti, di rifiuti di cucina e ristorazione, di farine di carne e ossa e di letami quali substrati di crescita per gli insetti. Comprese le limitazioni normative, l\u2019utilizzo di quanto classificato come <strong>sottoprodotto vegetale e\u0300 una fonte adeguata all\u2019allevamento di tale specie animali<\/strong> ed un efficiente metodo di riduzione degli scarti organici (Food Waste).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e93bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"59e93bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" comunicazione=\"\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-2-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62487\" alt=\"Larve mosca soldato nero e residuo di allevamento\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-2-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-2-3-300x188.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-2-3-768x480.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Fig.-2-3-750x469.webp 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2 \u2013 Larve di mosca soldato nero e residuo di allevamento. Le foto (1,2,3) sono state effettuate a distanza di mezz\u2019ora, le larve consumano con grande voracit\u00e0 la biomassa alimentare. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d695996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d695996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Mosca soldato nero: un sistema zero waste<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed62b13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed62b13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti tramite l\u2019allevamento di <strong>mosca soldato nero<\/strong> porta alla generazione di larve di insetto e residuo di allevamento, due componenti rilevanti per i settori feed e agricolo rispettivamente. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e52c1e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e52c1e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\">Larve di Black soldier fly: possibili utilizzi<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dd8289 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dd8289\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Per quanto riguarda l\u2019<strong>utilizzo degli insetti come fonte nutritiva per il settore feed,<\/strong> la Commissione Europea ha indicato le seguenti 8 specie riconosciute sicure ed utilizzabili: <em>Hermetia illucens<\/em>, <em>Musca domestica<\/em>, <em>Tenebrio Molitor<\/em>, <em>Alphitobius diaperinus<\/em>, <em>Acheta domesticus<\/em>, <em>Gryllodes sigillatus<\/em>, <em>Gryllus assimilis<\/em>, <em>and Bombix mori<\/em>. Pi\u00f9 nel dettaglio, l\u2019impiego di insetti \u00e8 stato autorizzato per il settore avicolo, acquacoltura, suinicoltura e pet-food [34], [35].<\/p><p>L&#8217;elevata energia metabolizzabile, la digeribilit\u00e0 ileale degli aminoacidi ed il contenuto di minerali di BSF, rendono questo insetto utile nella <strong>dieta degli avicoli<\/strong> [36, 37]. In aggiunta, le galline in natura sono abituate a cibarsi di insetti vivi, perci\u00f2 l\u2019introduzione di questo ingrediente nella loro dieta ne migliora il benessere e riduce il beccaggio tra gli animali stessi [38]. L\u2019integrazione di BSF nella dieta di avicoli si aggira solitamente intorno al 15%, tale quantitativo non porta a conseguenze negative sulle performance produttive degli animali o nelle caratteristiche sensoriali di carne e uova [39], [40].<\/p><p>Nel settore dell\u2019<strong>allevamento suini<\/strong>, l\u2019inserimento di BSF nella dieta di suinetti ha dimostrato un effetto positivo sulla salute intestinale [41- 43], grazie al contenuto delle larve in acido laurico (C12:0) che agisce da antibatteriche e antivirale [44 &#8211; 46]. Inoltre, l\u2019integrazione di lave di insetto nella loro dieta ha registrato anche effetti positivi in termini di efficienza alimentare, peso corporeo finale e stato di salute degli animali [47].<\/p><p>Per quanto concerne l\u2019<strong>acquacoltura<\/strong>, la sostituzione fino al 50% della farina di pesce con larve di BSF non ha effetti negativi sulla sopravvivenza degli animali e sulle loro prestazioni di crescita, cos\u00ec come sulla qualit\u00e0 finale della carne [48-50]. Anche in questo settore, molti studi presenti in letteratura hanno riscontrato un effetto positivo dell\u2019acido laurico di BSF nei confronti dei pesci, promuovendone il benessere dell\u2019intestino [51-55].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aec981f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aec981f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"font-size: 16pt;\">Residuo di allevamento di Black soldier fly: possibili utilizzi<\/span><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f16644b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f16644b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A seguito della biovalorizzazione operata da parte di BSF e\u0300 possibile ricavare un <strong>sottoprodotto<\/strong> che si dimostra un valido mezzo di arricchimento per il suolo agricolo. Infatti, si definisce <strong><em>Frass <\/em><\/strong>la miscela di substrato ottenuta dai residui di allevamento e dagli escrementi dell&#8217;insetto [56]. La caratterizzazione chimica del <em>Frass<\/em> risente direttamente del substrato di crescita utilizzato per l\u2019insetto [57- 58], in generale presenta contenuti rilevanti di azoto, fosforo e potassio. L\u2019utilizzo del <em>Frass<\/em> come <strong>nutriente nei terreni agricoli risponde ai principi dell\u2019economia circolare<\/strong>, chiudendo il ciclo dell\u2019allevamento e reintroducendo i nutrienti residui nel suolo. \u00c8 possibile creare un\u2019attivit\u00e0 <em>zero waste<\/em>, apportando chiari benefici anche alle coltivazioni.<\/p><p>Il residuo di allevamento fornisce <strong>macro e micronutrienti a lento rilascio<\/strong>, facilmente assimilabili da parte delle piante. \u00c8 stato studiato come aumenti la biomassa ed il contenuto nutrizionale di ortaggi (lattuga), cereali (orzo, frumento, mais, colza) e colture speciali (vigneti). \u00c8 inoltre in grado di <strong>migliorare la capacit\u00e0 di ritenzione idrica del suolo e lo arricchisce in microrganismi benefici<\/strong> per la salute delle piante. L\u2019utilizzo di <em>Frass<\/em> come arricchimento del suolo agricolo <strong>aumenta la tolleranza delle piante agli stress abiotici e la loro resistenza agli agenti patogeni<\/strong>, infatti la chitina in esso contenuta, derivante dall\u2019esoscheletro degli insetti, attivando le risposte naturali di difesa delle piante [59].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49b423e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49b423e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Conclusioni<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dfa52f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dfa52f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019utilizzo di <strong>insetti<\/strong> per la <strong>valorizzazione dei sottoprodotti agro-alimentare<\/strong> rappresenta una strategia innovativa, grazie alla quale \u00e8 possibile chiudere il ciclo dei materiali all\u2019interno della filiera agri-food. Ci\u00f2 d\u00e0 vita ad un <strong>sistema di produzione <em>zero waste<\/em><\/strong>, non si tratta di una forzatura verso il consumo di insetti da parte dell\u2019uomo, ma altres\u00ec dell\u2019applicazione di un processo naturale a basso impatto ambientale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d65d3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d65d3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8212;<\/p><p><em>Speriamo che tu abbia trovato la lettura di questo articolo sulla <strong>mosca soldato nero<\/strong><b>\u00a0<\/b>interessante. Per altri contenuti simili, consulta la sezione\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/category\/sostenibilita\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SOSTENIBILITA&#8217;<\/a>\u00a0del nostro sito web. E se vuoi restare sempre al passo con le ultime novit\u00e0 in fatto di Agrifood, iscriviti alla nostra\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/newsletter\/\">Newsletter<\/a>!<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce73b9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-accordion\" data-id=\"ce73b9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div class=\"eael-adv-accordion\" id=\"eael-adv-accordion-ce73b9a\" data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" data-accordion-id=\"ce73b9a\" data-accordion-type=\"accordion\" data-toogle-speed=\"300\">\n    <div class=\"eael-accordion-list\">\n                <div id=\"bibliografia\" class=\"elementor-tab-title eael-accordion-header\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tab=\"1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\"><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-closed\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-advanced-accordion-icon-opened\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-accordion-icon fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"eael-accordion-tab-title\">Bibliografia<\/span><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-toggle fas fa-angle-right\"><\/i><\/div><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2161\" class=\"eael-accordion-content clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" aria-labelledby=\"bibliografia\"><p>[1]\u00a0 UN, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/sites\/www.un.org.development.desa.pd\/files\/files\/documents\/2020\/Jan\/un_2017_world_population_prospects-2017_revision_databooklet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abWorld Population Prospect. 2017 Revision.\u00bb<\/a> 2017.<\/p><p>[2] S. 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European Commission, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32017R0893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abComission Regulation (EU) 2017\/893 of 24 May 2017 Amending Annexes I and IV to Regulation (EC) No 999\/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Annexes X, XIV and XV to Commission Regulation (EU) No 142\/ 2011 as Regards the Provisions on Proce.\u00bb<\/a> 2017.<\/p><p>[35] E. European Commission, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stradalex.com\/fr\/sl_src_publ_leg_eur_jo\/toc\/leg_eur_jo_3_20210818_295\/doc\/ojeu_2021.295.01.0001.01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abCommission Regulation (EU) 2021\/1372 of 17 August 2021 amending Annex IV to Regulation (EC) No 999\/2001\u00bb<\/a>. Consultato: 20 settembre 2021.<\/p><p>[36] M. 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Rep.<\/em>, vol. 11, fasc. 1, p. 15088, lug. 2021.<\/p><p>[43] T. Spranghers <em>et al.<\/em>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0377840117307721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u00abGut antimicrobial effects and nutritional value of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens L.) prepupae for weaned piglets\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.<\/em>, vol. 235, pp. 33\u201342, gen. 2018.<\/p><p>[44] F. M. Dayrit, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270344195_The_Properties_of_Lauric_Acid_and_Their_Significance_in_Coconut_Oil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abThe Properties of Lauric Acid and Their Significance in Coconut Oil\u00bb<\/a>, <em>J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.<\/em>, vol. 92, fasc. 1, pp. 1\u201315, gen. 2015.<\/p><p>[45] J. J. Kabara, D. M. Swieczkowski, A. J. Conley, e J. P. Truant, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/4670656\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abFatty Acids and Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.<\/em>, vol. 2, fasc. 1, pp. 23\u201328, lug. 1972.<\/p><p>[46] D. R. Walters, R. L. Walker, e K. C. Walker, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/230090900_Lauric_Acid_Exhibits_Antifungal_Activity_Against_Plant_Pathogenic_Fungi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abLauric Acid Exhibits Antifungal Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Antifungal Activity of Lauric Acid\u00bb<\/a>, <em>J. Phytopathol.<\/em>, vol. 151, fasc. 4, pp. 228\u2013230, apr. 2003.<\/p><p>[47] E. van Heugten, G. Martinez, A. McComb, e L. Koutsos, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/365710086_Improvements_in_Performance_of_Nursery_Pigs_Provided_with_Supplemental_Oil_Derived_from_Black_Soldier_Fly_Hermetia_illucens_Larvae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abImprovements in Performance of Nursery Pigs Provided with Supplemental Oil Derived from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae<\/a>\u00bb, <em>Animals<\/em>, vol. 12, fasc. 23, p. 3251, nov. 2022.<\/p><p>[48] L. Bruni, R. Pastorelli, C. Viti, L. Gasco, e G. Parisi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0044848617313662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abCharacterisation of the intestinal microbial communities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) partially defatted larva meal as partial dietary protein source\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Aquaculture<\/em>, vol. 487, pp. 56\u201363, feb. 2018.<\/p><p>[49] S. Mancini, R. Moruzzo, F. Riccioli, e G. Paci, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S096399691930047X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abEuropean consumers\u2019 readiness to adopt insects as food. A review\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Food Res. Int.<\/em>, vol. 122, pp. 661\u2013678, ago. 2019.<\/p><p>[50] M. Renna <em>et al.<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/318107777_Evaluation_of_the_suitability_of_a_partially_defatted_black_soldier_fly_Hermetia_illucens_L_larvae_meal_as_ingredient_for_rainbow_trout_Oncorhynchus_mykiss_Walbaum_diets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abEvaluation of the suitability of a partially defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal as ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) diets<\/a>\u00bb, <em>J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol.<\/em>, vol. 8, fasc. 1, p. 57, dic. 2017.<\/p><p>[51] P. Alestr\u00f6m, J. L. Holter, e R. Nourizadeh-Lillabadi, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S016777990500301X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abZebrafish in functional genomics and aquatic biomedicine\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Trends Biotechnol.<\/em>, vol. 24, fasc. 1, pp. 15\u201321, gen. 2006.<\/p><p>[52] R. Dahm e R. Geisler, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/7109577_Learning_from_Small_Fry_The_Zebrafish_as_a_Genetic_Model_Organism_for_Aquaculture_Fish_Species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abLearning from Small Fry: The Zebrafish as a Genetic Model Organism for Aquaculture Fish Species\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Mar. Biotechnol.<\/em>, vol. 8, fasc. 4, pp. 329\u2013345, ago. 2006.<\/p><p>[53] C. De-Santis e D. R. Jerry, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0044848607008848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abCandidate growth genes in finfish \u2014 Where should we be looking?\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Aquaculture<\/em>, vol. 272, fasc. 1\u20134, pp. 22\u201338, nov. 2007.<\/p><p>[54] G. Sogari, M. Amato, I. Biasato, S. Chiesa, e L. Gasco, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30934748\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abThe Potential Role of Insects as Feed: A Multi-Perspective Review\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Animals<\/em>, vol. 9, fasc. 4, p. 119, mar. 2019.<\/p><p>[55] M. Zarantoniello <em>et al.<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/333755030_A_six-months_study_on_Black_Soldier_Fly_Hermetia_illucens_based_diets_in_zebrafish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abA six-months study on Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) based diets in zebrafish\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Sci. Rep.<\/em>, vol. 9, fasc. 1, p. 8598, dic. 2019.<\/p><p>[56] E. European Commission, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32021R1925\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commission Regulation (EU) 2021\/1925 of 5 November 2021 Amending Certain Annexes to Regulation (EU) No 142\/2011<\/a> (&#8230;)<\/em>. 2021.<\/p><p>[57] T. Klammsteiner <em>et al.<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00993\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abThe Core Gut Microbiome of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Raised on Low-Bioburden Diets\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Front. Microbiol.<\/em>, vol. 11, p. 993, mag. 2020.<\/p><p>[58] A. Osimani <em>et al.<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0168160518300771\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abThe bacterial biota of laboratory-reared edible mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor L.): From feed to frass\u00bb<\/a>, <em>Int. J. Food Microbiol.<\/em>, vol. 272, pp. 49\u201360, mag. 2018.<\/p><p>[59] T. I. P. of I. for F. and F. IPIFF, \u00abFact sheet on insect frass\u00bb. 2021.<\/p><\/div>\n                <\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f8789d elementor-author-box--layout-image-above elementor-author-box--align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"7f8789d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.food-hub.it\/media\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Arianna-Cattaneo-jpg.webp\" alt=\"Immagine di Arianna Cattaneo \" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArianna Cattaneo \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__bio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arianna Cattaneo \u00e8 al terzo anno di dottorato in \u201cAgrifood and Environmental Sciences\u201d presso l\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Trento e l\u2019azienda BEF Biosystems (Torino). Dopo aver conseguito la laurea triennale e magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari presso l\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Milano, si sta dedicando allo studio della mosca soldato nera come strumento di valorizzazione di biomasse agroalimentari, assicurandone il benessere durante l\u2019allevamento.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-author-box__button elementor-button elementor-size-xs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/arianna-cattaneo-foodsciencetechnologyblacksoldierfly\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinkedIn\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Indice Una societ\u00e0 in crescita: il problema degli scarti e dei rifiuti La popolazione mondiale attuale ammonta a 7,6 miliardi, raggiunger\u00e0 quota 8,6 miliardi nel 2030 e 9,8 miliardi nel 2050 [1]. Questo trend si tradurr\u00e0 in un incremento nella produzione di rifiuti, previsti passare dai 2 miliardi di tonnellate del 2016 a 3,4 miliardi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":62558,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"Il crescente problema degli scarti alimentari richiede soluzioni sostenibili. L'allevamento di insetti, come la mosca soldato nero, offre un'innovativa via di riutilizzo dei materiali. Le larve, ricche di proteine e lipidi, diventano fonte nutritiva nel settore del mangime, mentre il sottoprodotto chiamato \"Frass\" arricchisce il suolo agricolo con azoto, fosforo e potassio. Questa tecnologia promuove la valorizzazione biologica dei materiali, contribuendo alla sostenibilit\u00e0 nel settore agri-food.","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"4","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"no-sidebar-narrow","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"250","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"2","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":"","hide":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_podcast_option":{"enable_podcast":"0","podcast_duration":"","upload":""},"jnews_podcast_series":null,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1245,18],"tags":[1172,1403,202,1404,370],"jnews-series":[],"class_list":["post-62472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-sostenibilita","tag-allevamento-insetti","tag-mosca-soldato-nero","tag-recupero-sottoprodotti-alimentari","tag-settore-feed","tag-sostenibilita-ambientale"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast 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